Essays usually end with "conclusions."
From the perspective of the primary content, composition and writing format of scientific papers, the central part of the paper generally begins with an introduction (or introduction) and ends with a "conclusion (or discussion)"; the literature also discusses the necessity of conclusions in scientific papers—topic discussion. However, a sample survey, statistics and analysis of the ending parts of scientific and technological journal papers found that most academic papers use "Conclusion" as the hierarchical title of the ending part. In contrast, a considerable number of papers use "conclusion". In response to this problem, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the content of the conclusion and the conclusion, points out the difference between the concept of the conclusion and the conclusion, and suggests that "conclusion" and "conclusion" should be used as the level headings of the closing part of the thesis according to the actual content they express.
- Sci-tech journal articles end with "conclusion" and "conclusion."
Sampling Statistical Analysis of Hierarchical Headings
In order(to write my essay) to investigate the use of "conclusion" and "conclusion" level headings at the end of the main body of scientific and technological papers, 16 scientific and technological journals of different professional disciplines were randomly selected for statistical analysis.
The statistical results show that:
1) The phenomenon that academic papers published in scientific and technological journals use "conclusion" or "conclusion" as the end of the main body of some level headings exists objectively;
2) The majority of scientific and technological academic papers use ""conclusion"" as the ending part of the level title (average 72.42%), followed by ""conclusion"" (average 16.86%), and a few papers use neither ""conclusion"" nor ""conclusion"""" (10.72% on average).
Based on this, it can be inferred that under the premise that scientific journals require a unified format and expression style, the hierarchical titles of "conclusion" and "conclusion" appear at the same time in the same journal, indicating that "conclusion" and "conclusion" are not synonymous.
- A comparative analysis of the meaning and content of "conclusion" and "conclusion."
2.1 The meaning and content of "conclusion."
According to the definition of "The Modern Chinese Dictionary" (Published by Commercial Press, 2005 edition), "conclusion" is 1) a judgment deduced from the premise; 2) a conclusion about a person or thing. "Conclusion" in English is the conclusion.
In scientific and technological papers, conclusions are innovative, instructive, objective, universal assertions and conclusions drawn from rigorous logical reasoning based on the results obtained in the theoretical demonstration, mathematical deduction, investigation research and experimental research. Description or recognition of results, etc. After a detailed analysis of the thesis concluded with "conclusion" and the content of the conclusion itself, it is found that it has the following characteristics:
1) Research reports, experimental research, theoretical derivation and other papers mostly end with "conclusions";
2) The content of the chapter before "Conclusion" is usually "Results Analysis or Discussion";
3) It is often expressed in the format of subsections and serial numbers, the sentences are rigorous, the generalization is concise, and the information conveyed is specific and definite, or qualitative or quantitative;
4) Mainly to express the principles revealed by significant innovative research results and their universality, the tone of expression is more objective.
2.2 The meaning and content of "concluding remarks."
According to the definition of "Modern Chinese Dictionary", "concluding remarks" (i.e. "concluding remarks "") refer to a concluding paragraph at the end of an article or formal speech. "Conclusion" in English is the concluding remark.
At the end of the whole article, the conclusion is mainly concerned with the integrity of the structure and content of the article. In terms of structure, the conclusion can echo the introduction at the beginning, and it mainly expresses the summary and general words about the main content of the full text; the conclusion is not a substitute for the conclusions reached by academic research. By analyzing the content expressed in the thesis and the conclusion itself, it is found that it has the following characteristics:
1) When the dissertation or comprehensive dissertation is long, and the length of dissertation is long, most of them use the "conclusion" as the closing part;
2) Some experimental research papers also end with a conclusion, mainly because the content of the "conclusion" has been expressed in "Results and Discussion", or the research results did not lead to a clear conclusion and only necessary discussions were carried out;
3) The conclusion is generally not divided into sections and generally does not convey quantitative information;
4) The content of the conclusion is relatively broad, which is a summary, general statement or further explanation of the whole article, such as: pointing out the topic again, summarizing the main content and research results of this paper, pointing out the shortcomings or limitations of this research, and propose The subject that needs to be studied in depth or the direction of the research is pointed out, the value, significance and application prospect of the thesis and research results are clarified, and the relevant suggestions and supplementary explanations for the relevant content are given, etc.; powerful.
- In conclusion
1) Based on the investigation of the use of the titles "conclusion" and "conclusion" in scientific journals and the analysis of their specific content characteristics, it can be considered that "conclusion" and "conclusion" are not precisely the same concept.
2) When purchasing research papers online and editing scientific papers, "conclusion" or "conclusion" should be used as hierarchical headings according to the specific content to be expressed at the end of the paper: when innovative conclusions with significant value are indeed drawn from the research results, or When the research on the same topic draws a different or opposite conclusion from others, "Conclusion" should be used as the level heading; when no clear research conclusion has been reached, or the conclusion has been stated in "Results and Discussion", and at the same time it is necessary to When the content of the full text has a general summary or further explanation, mainly to express some subjective opinions or opinions of the author, it is more appropriate to use "conclusion" as the hierarchical title.
3) It is recommended to supplement the above-mentioned relevant content and make necessary explanations in the revision of the format specification of scientific and technological papers to make the content structure and layout of scientific and technological papers in journals more scientific and reasonable.
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